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15 Unexpected Facts About What Is An Archival Pigment Print | Archival Pigment Print Deutsch
- Risographs are essentially automated screenprints, in that they duplicate images by pushing ink through a stencil. However, unlike screenprinting, risographs maintain their quality throughout many uses, because their stencils (or “master copies”) are made by burning an image into a thermal plate. This makes them ideal for mass production, not unlike a Xerox printer built for photographs. - Source: Internet
- With a vast majority of today’s photography being viewed online as JPEGs or similar file formats, it’s easy to forget that the actual craft of printing photographs is a complex and storied one. Christopher James’s The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes, a reliable tome for darkroom developers, is a 700-page cookbook of chemical recipes and it notes the history of photographic printing methods from the obscure (salted paper, whey, and argyrotypes) to the cherished (silver gelatin, cyanotypes, and wet plate collodion). Many photographers own tattered copies of the book with notes scrawled in the margins, or detailed adjustments to ratios developed by long-dead chemists in order to better suit their own processes. - Source: Internet
- Today, photographic prints can be roughly divided into two categories. The first, and the root of the medium, is chemical prints, like those detailed in James’s book. There are dozens, if not hundreds, of methods for producing photographic images with chemicals, but the general concept is that you have a transparent image (like a film negative), which is placed or projected onto a paper that’s treated with light-sensitive chemicals, much like the emulsion on film itself. At this point, depending on the process, the image will either begin to appear when it’s exposed to light, or when “developed” with additional chemicals. - Source: Internet
- Most consumer-level printers like the kind you’d purchase at a local store use dye-based inks, which are composed of a colorant that’s fully dissolved in liquid. More valued by photographers, though, are pigment-based inks, which gain their hue from powdered substances suspended in liquid. Photographic prints made on inkjet printers that use pigment-based inks are commonly referred to as “pigment prints.” - Source: Internet
- Chromogenic printing is a reliable and relatively straightforward color process. It was a dominant method of color printing throughout much of the 20th century, which in turn made it ideal for adapting to handle digital prints. Digital C-Type printers use LEDs or lasers to project an image onto treated paper (as opposed to projecting film through an enlarger), which is then developed along the same chemical process as above, often with automated machinery. - Source: Internet
- If you’ve ever taken a darkroom course, you likely began by learning silver gelatin printing, a process that’s associated with the black-and-white work of early-20th century photographers of all movements—Bauhaus, street, photojournalism, you name it. It’s a simple process that makes use of safe, readily-available chemicals, and remains incredibly popular today. A tried-and-true method developed in 1871, silver gelatin (or gelatin silver) printing is an example of “latent” printing, in which an image is activated by light, but is not revealed until submerged in a developer solution. In this case, a negative image is projected onto paper treated with light-sensitive chemicals: silver halide suspended in gelatin (a viscous liquid made from animal collagen). A series of chemical baths will subsequently reveal the latent image, halt the development, remove its sensitivity to light, and fine-tune contrast. - Source: Internet
- Digital chromogenic prints can also be made on plastic materials through a process called “Duratrans,” which was brought to the art world by Jeff Wall, with his backlit prints mounted on light-boxes. As with pigment prints, chromogenic prints are sensitive to light, but can be protected by special glass that reflects harmful rays. Digital chromogenic prints are sometimes called Lambda prints. - Source: Internet
- In our guide to print-making, we wrote that a lithograph is “the result of a complex process that involves using a combination of oil, fat, water, and acid to transfer—or ‘offset’—an image from a limestone sheet onto a metal plate and then eventually onto a piece of paper or other material.” While the process is still too technical to really dive into here, it’s enough to know that the process can be tweaked to produce photographs as well. While photolithographs are technically a chemical process, as with chromogenic printing, modern “cleanrooms” can be highly automated. - Source: Internet
- Diasec is an acrylic bonding agent that’s used to mount prints to glass. Because Diasec is clear and adheres without bubbles, it is generally applied directly to the face of the image, allowing the photo to sit flush against its glazing. This not only protects the photo from air and harmful light rays, but the acrylic coating can help provide a rich saturation. Chromogenic prints are frequently face-mounted with Diasec, as the combination results in vibrant, detailed images with rich color and clarity. - Source: Internet
- Cibachrome, often known as Ilfochrome, is a chrome process that uses extraordinarily stable dyes to maintain longevity. In addition to being archival, colors in cibachrome prints have a deep saturation that people find divisive. Famed Italian photographer Luigi Ghirri made use of cibachrome in his iconic series of color photographs, Kodachrome, in one notable example. - Source: Internet
- Silkscreening is a printing process popularized by Pop artists like Andy Warhol that involves pressing ink through a stencil. This printmaking process can be adapted for the reproduction of photographs by essentially making a stencil out of dried photo emulsion. Because emulsion hardens where it is exposed to light (which is what, in other processes, makes areas of an image appear dark), a positive image can be applied to a sheet of dry emulsion in order to create a negative stencil. When developed, this stencil that can be used for screenprinting. - Source: Internet
- More commonly, though, photographic prints are made digitally. At their most basic level, digital processes work just like a printer you might have at home, where a digital image is transmitted to a device that spits out an image at the size you specify. But just as you might have an inkjet printer at home, and a laser printer at the office, there’s more than one way to create a digital photographic print. - Source: Internet
- Photogravure, like daguerreotypes, begin with a treated copper plate, which is exposed with an image. However, at this point the plate is etched, so that it can be used to press additional prints. Developed by Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820’s, they’re also one of the earliest methods of photographic printing. - Source: Internet
- Chromogenic prints should last about 60 years of light exposure, which is more than pigment prints but less than archival pigment prints. However, chromogenic prints were an early method for producing large scale prints—and even today, digital c-type printers are capable of producing larger images than inkjet printers, which max out around 60 inches—which lead to the format’s adoption by large format photographers, such as those of the Düsseldorf School. And because those artists, like Candida Höfer, are often associated with the art market’s embrace of photography as an artistic medium in the 1980’s, chromogenic prints have earned a reputation as a more “serious” process than pigment printing. This reputation is undeserved, as today’s high-end pigment printers are capable of delivering richer, fuller color than digital c-types. - Source: Internet
- On the other hand, “archival pigment prints” contain a more stable dye, developed to address exactly this issue. As the name suggests, they’re more suitable to longterm storage, and can stand up to light for over 100 years. In all cases, storing inkjet prints away from light will protect their longevity. - Source: Internet
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